You know I'm hypnotizing you in my videos, don't you?
That's why you fall asleep to the sound of my voice.
Your eyelids are getting heavier and heavier.
You sink deeper and deeper, and I implant in your mind the hypnotic suggestion of clicking on my videos ever after.
Many of you are sufficiently paranoid to believe all this, and develop a conspiracy theory about the Vaknin videos and the hidden messages in them and hypnosis and whatnot.
Indeed, this is the topic of today's lecture, the connection between hypnosis and the narcissist's shared fantasy.
Because I propose to apply the framework and the paradigm that we use to understand the interpersonal relationships of narcissists, I propose to apply them to hypnosis.
And who am I to make such a claim?
My name is Sam Vaknin. I'm the author of Malignant Self-Love: Narcissism Revisited. I'm a professor of clinical psychology and business management in SIAS-CIAPS and a former visiting professor of psychology in Southern Federal University.
Wow, that was a long hypnotic message.
Or right, Shoshanim.
Hypnosis and dreaming are the two big remaining mysteries in psychology.
We don't have a clue about them. We don't know anything about it. We don't know why. We don't know how. We don't know what for.
And yet we keep speculating. And some of these speculations are of interest. And some of them have fallen by the wayside, starting with Mesmer in the 18th century and then Charcot and even Sigmund Freud himself.
They've all speculated about hypnosis and they've all, or most of them, have recanted.
Okay.
So this video, like everything Jewish, is divided in two parts.
The first part I'm going to discuss hypnosis in the framework of the shared fantasy.
And the second part is definitions. Those of you who are not acquainted with hypnosis and the professional and clinical terms, attendant upon this phenomenon of hypnosis, may wish to first watch the second part of the video, with the definitions, like a dictionary, and then come back to the first part.
So in the description, simply click on the timestamp. It says definitions of terms used in this lecture at, and there's a time stamp. Simply click on it. Click on it. Click on it. Click on it.
Yes, this was an example of hypnotic suggestion.
Okay.
I claim that hypnosis exactly like other phenomena which involve sound.
Hypnosis is a form of entraining.
I'll remind you about 10 or 12 years ago, neuroscientists discovered that in musical bands, especially rock bands, brainwaves of the players synchronize. Brainwaves of the musicians synchronize as they play along from the same sheet.
So it seems that music synchronizes the brainwaves of those who produce it and those who listen to it.
Now music is simply a set of sounds. They're organized in highly specific ways. There's harmony, there's melody, and so on so forth.
But it's literally indistinguishable from certain speech acts, certain patterns of speech.
If I were to repeat the same words over and over and over again, if I were to say a mantra over and over again, or a slogan or whatever, this is the equivalent of music, and this is indeed the foundation of hip-hop and rap in music.
So, a repetition of the same sounds, whether they contain meaning or not, a repetition of sounds tends to synchronize the brain waves of everyone around.
And this is known as entraining.
Now, as you remember, in my work, I propose that the narcissist uses verbal abuse, repetitive, recurrent phrases in order to entrain the victim.
And by entraining her, synchronize her brain waves with his brainwaves, allowing him access to her mind and the possibility to install and interject his own voice in her mind.
This is entraining in the narcissistic shared fantasy.
Now, when I say his, it's also her, half of all narcissists are women. Remember that as we go along, the gender pronouns are interchangeable.
In hypnosis we have exactly the same thing. We have a repetition of words, phrases, mantras, slogans if you wish, agreed upon interlocutions. And this repetition in hypnosis, this leads to what is known as hypnotic and post-hypnotic suggestions.
So it is a process of entraining the hypnotist entrains the subject, allowing the hypnotist to install, however, temporarily, an interject in the subject's mind.
So the hypnotist introduces his own voice into the subject's mind as a kind of introject, and then this voice operates within the subject's mind and instructs the subject what to do during the hypnotic session and sometimes after the hypnotic session. This is known as post-hypnotic suggestion.
Now this is not just wild speculation, it's not even speculation.
Actually I'm relying on several studies, as is my habit. I always rely on studies. I'm relying on several studies in the field.
Start with a study titled, Are Hypnosis and Dissociation Related? New Evidence for a Connection. It was published in the International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. Authors are Cleveland, Cormier, Gold. And he was published in 2015.
And the author said that, I'm quoting, they said that heightened non-pathological forms of dissociation are indeed related to hypnotizability.
Now, dissociation is one of the main venues, one of the main conduits of entraining.
When you are being entrained, you dissociate, and it is the dissociation, this gap that opens in memory, that allows the entrainer, the narcissists, the hypnotist, allow them to access your mind through this proverbial gap and install an introject or a voice in your mind, which then maintains some control or some kind of control over you and your actions.
So, dissociation, suggestability, hypnotizability all seem to be connected.
And by the way, there are dozens of studies over the last few decades which have demonstrated this connection.
But more importantly, in August 2022, that's like two years ago, in the Journal of Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, Volume 139, there was an article titled, Hypnotic suggestibility in dissociative and related disorders: a meta- analysis. And the authors were Wida, Brown, Thompson, Terhune, so and so forth.
And the highlights of the study are patients characterized by severe dissociative psychopathology display elevated hypnotic suggestibility.
Elevated, elevated hypnotic suggestibility was most pronounced in dissociative disorders.
Nothing new here.
But then the authors actually described entraining without using the word.
They said, and I'm quoting from the abstract, elevated responsiveness to verbal suggestions, the element of entraining, is hypothesized to represent a predisposing factor for the dissociative disorders and related conditions.
These results demonstrate that dissociative disorders and related conditions are characterized by elevated hypnotic suggestibility and have implications for the mechanisms, risk factors and treatment of dissociative psychopathology.
Now this is a groundbreaking revolutionary claim. What the authors are saying is that dissociation itself is the outcome of responsiveness to verbal suggestions.
In other words, the dissociation is brought on by entraining.
And then once you have been dissociated by the entraining process, only then you're open to external interventions, interventions from the outside, which the narcissist abuses and the hypnotist uses.
Hypnosis, therefore, can be safely construed and perceived or reconceived as a kind of shared fantasy with role playing.
Within the shared fantasy, as you recall, there are several processes taking place.
There's an outsourcing of reality testing by the subject.
In the case of the narcissists, there's an outsourcing of reality testing by the intimate partner or the victim, but in hypnosis, it's the subject of hypnosis.
And what the subject of hypnosis does, he allows the hypnotist to become the reality testing.
The subject interfaces with reality, gathers information about reality, evaluates, appraises, engages reality through the intermediation of the hypnotist, exactly as the intimate partner of the narcissist does within the shared fantasy.
Next, within the shared fantasy, there is the subject of hypnosis or the victim of narcissistic abuse. They fit themselves. They adapt into a narrative. They assume a role, a role within a script.
And this is exactly what happens in hypnosis.
Whereas the intimate partner of the narcissist would play a role within the shared fantasy in order to aggrandize the narcissist and cater to his fantasies, the subject in hypnosis would play a role within the script of the hypnotist and would obey the commands of the hypnotist in order to maintain the role within the fantasy.
And so the delusions, the delusions incumbent upon and inherent in the narcissistic shared fantasy and the hypnotic state, these delusions are perceived to be realistic within the shared fantasy.
And the goals of the shared fantasy and the goals of the hypnotic state are derived from these delusions, they emanate from them.
In both cases, the shared fantasy and the hypnotic state, there's a suspension of disbelief, a suspension of the ability to judge right from wrong, factual, from counterfactual, true, from false.
The narcissist introject and the hypnotist introject take over these functions.
They provide the reality testing.
And consequently, both the narcissist and the hypnotist in their various capacities are able to externally regulate the internal environment of the subject of hypnosis or the victim of abuse.
There's an external regulation of moods, emotions and cognitions as well as external regulation of a sense of self-worth, self-perception, and self-image.
And this creates a confusion between internal and external, which is very critical in hypnosis.
Because what happens in hypnosis, the subject outsources internal regulatory functions, internal ego functions, the subject outsources them to the hypnotist.
And because these are internal functions, the hypnotist, while perceived as external, is also perceived as internal.
So there is a huge confusion in hypnosis between what is happening internally and what is happening externally, and this is very, very reminiscent of the narcissist's shared fantasy.
And so it is this confusion between external and internal that renders memories suspect.
I read to you a paragraph from a book about hypnosis.
As for the memories produced under hypnosis, research has demonstrated that they are less accurate than memories produced by the same subjects without hypnosis.
A key element of hypnosis, after all, is an increased susceptibility to suggestion and fantasy, thus making it an inappropriate tool for attempting to recover accurate memories.
Furthermore, people who have recalled an incident under hypnosis tend to be more confident about the accuracy of that memory than they are about their own real memories.
So this is a confusion between internal and external.
Memories are perceived as external and therefore objective and neutral and accurate when actually they are internal and they are subject to all the vagaries and problematics of memory creation internally.
And I recommend if you want to learn more about this I recommend that you watch my video about memory and identity.
Within the hypnotic session, within the hypnotic state, there's a symbiotic merger between the hypnotist and the subject.
The subject is regressed into infancy. The subject becomes infantile, while the hypnotist becomes a parental figure.
There's a merger and fusion between the hypnotist and the subject, which allows the hypnotist to control to some extent the subject's cognition and behaviors and memories.
This merger and fusion with a secure base parental figure is also common in the shared fantasy with the narcissist.
Sandor Ferenczi in 1909, which was a bit before my time, elaborated on this, he declared that the hypnotic state was in essence a transference phenomenon.
Some aspects of the hypnotists were paternal, the authoritative position, the forceful suggestions, and some aspects of the hypnotist were maternal in nature, for example, the soothing voice.
So the hypnotist provided a parental dyad and regressed the subject of hypnosis to an infantile state which implied dependence and control.
That is exactly what the narcissist does to the victim.
Now, hypnosis is much more powerful, much more potent in people who have experienced soul murder.
Now, you know that I don't believe or I don't use the word soul.
But soul murder in this case is a metaphor which was used in early psychoanalytic literature.
Soul murder is not a diagnosis nor is it a mental health condition.
It is a dramatic term, and I'm quoting from an encyclopedia, soul murder is a dramatic term for circumstances that eventuate in crime, namely the deliberate attempt to eradicate or compromise the separate identity of another person.
The victims of soul murder remain in large part possessed by another, their souls in bondage to someone else.
It can result from childhood abuse, whether sexual molestation or physical beating, leading to over-stimulation, terror and anger. It can also result from deprivation, especially in childhood, in the form of neglect, or lack of emotional sustenance, leading to terrifying neediness, a sense of abandonment and rejection.
Now, hypnosis is intimately linked to this, and there is a state known as auto-hypnosis.
Auto-hypnosis is a set of defensive operations which lead to the alteration of consciousness and a strange state of mind in which one knows and does not know of a thing at the same time, said Freud in 1894.
Schengold, Leonard Schengel, described auto hypnosis in detail in 1989.
He said that auto hypnosis comprises three subsidiary mechanisms.
He called the first one hypnotic evasion, involving the use of altered consciousness as a defense against libidinal and aggressive drives.
Actually, he based his work on Dix in 1965, on Fleiss in 1935, etc.
The idea was that there are drives inside us. They're very strong, they're very primitive, for example, the sex drive, and we hypnotize ourselves and we change our consciousness in order to defend against these drives, because they place us in danger.
Similarly, we use hypnotic evasion, according to Schengel, to fend off traumatic memories, to somehow defend against the emergence of traumatic memories.
The second mechanism in auto-hypnosis is hypnotic facilitation.
It involves the use of altered consciousness to sanction the discharge of otherwise repudiated impulses.
Facilitation involves the discharge of urges and impulses, but in a way that would not risk the individual.
And number three, auto-hypnotic vigilance, which involves hypercathexis, doubling the emotional investment of certain perceptual functions existing side by side with defensive obliviousness of other environmental cues.
This is the closest one gets to dissociation.
Now all these mechanisms of auto-hypnosis exist in people who suffered childhood abuse and trauma, and they render such people easier victims, easier targets for the narcissist and for the hypnotist.
Now, hypnosis is a benign state.
Narcissism, the shared fantasy, they lead to narcissistic abuse.
But both situations, hypnosis and the narcissistic shared fantasy, make use of the victim's auto-hypnotic faculties.
And the more the victim is broken, the more the victim is damaged, the more the victim has been subjected to adverse childhood experiences, the more likely the victim is to self-hypnotize.
The narcissist leverages this auto-hypnotic, auto-hypnosis in order to take over the victims.
Schengold said that an individual using such auto-hypnotic vigilance could come across as an expert witness, even a sensitive detective, pretty naturally alert to clues.
But he said, it's a completely unreliable observer.
In other words, what Schengel is implied in 1989 is that auto-hypnosis involves a lot of self-deception.
The victim deceives herself that she is in control. She is perceptive. She is perspicacious. She is wise. Sheis intelligent. She is clever. She is not gullible. She is not naive. She is an observer of human affairs with sharpness and cunning.
But in reality, Sengg, she is susceptible and vulnerable and an unreliable observer.
And all three mechanisms are regularly employed by the victims of soul murder.
The final adherence or the final coherence between hypnosis and the shared fantasy has to do with self-states.
Now, for those of you who are not aware of my work in the field, so I advise you to search the channel for self-states. Start with the video about IPAM, intrapsychic activation model, IPAM. Start with this video and go from there.
Self-states simply says that there is no unitary self, that we all have an assemblage of self-states which we use in accordance to and which are reactive to environmental cues.
So here's something from a book about the correspondence between self-states and hypnotic states.
The most popular state theory, which insists that hypnosis involves an alteration of conscious awareness, is Ernest Hilgard's Neo-dissociation theory.
According to Hilgard, the mind contains multiple parts that are not all conscious at the same time, and which are ordinarily under the influence of a centralized control structure.
Under hypnosis, says Hilgard, a dissociation or splitting consciousness occurs, in which subjects surrender to the hypnotist some of their usual control over voluntary actions, while gaining some control over typically involuntary processes, such as sensitivity to pain.
Control over pain has, of course, been a major concern of research on hypnosis since James Braid's time in the mid-19th century.
And Hilgard conducted a classic study intended to explain this control of pain in terms of dissociation.
Hilgard had hypnotized subjects and asked them to immerse one hand in ice, ice water, following a hypnotic suggestion that they would feel no pain.
The technique came to be known as cold pressor test.
Subjects were asked to press a key with the other not immersed hand if they felt any pain.
So there was a hypnotic session, the subjects were hypnotized, they received a suggestion to place one hand in ice-cold water and the other hand on a key, on a button. Verbally, subjects typically reported almost no pain, but they pressed the key. They pressed the key, indicating a substantial amount of pain.
It's as if the subject split. One part of the subject experienced pain and was pressing the key. And the other did not experience pain at all because the hypnotic suggestion was you are not going to experience pain.
And so the key pressing, said Hilgard, indicated a substantial amount of pain.
Hilgard explains, I'm continuing from the book, Hilgard explains that a hidden observer was reporting on the pain, while no pain was experienced by the part of the mind that had conscious awareness.
Hilgard's explanation, however, has recently been widely eclipsed by a non-state view, variously called role theory, the cognitive behavioral view, or the socio-cognitive view, starting with Spanos in 1980.
According to non-state advocates, the view of hypnosis as a dissociative state is simply unnecessary and potentially misleading.
Role theory maintains that hypnotic phenomena can be explained in terms of compliance with social demands.
That's the narcissist's shared fantasy.
And so, hypnosis can be explained in terms of acting in accordance with a special social role.
The hypnotized person does behave differently from non-hypnotized people, but this is because he or she has agreed to act out an established role with certain expectations and certain rules.
The hypnotized person does feel less in control and does become far more suggestible, but it happens voluntarily as part of a social ritual.
Furthermore, there is not evidence of any changes in neuropsychological responses during hypnosis, unlike what is seen in actual altered states of consciousness, such as sleep, or the effects of psychedelic drugs.
Indeed, continues the book, in studies in which some people are hypnotized and given suggestions, while other non-hypnotized people are asked to do the same things, the same tasks.
A typical finding is that motivated but non-hypnotized volunteers can duplicate most classic hypnotic effects, including such impressive outcomes as limb rigidity and pain insensitivity.
Non-state theories maintain that hypnotic behaviors and experiences represent no change in cognitive processes, but rather reflect the action of normal cognitive processes under special social circumstances.
In 1997, Kirsch and Lynn suggested that subjects in hypnotic situations have a generalized expectation of reaction. We could call it a belief or a faith. And they adopt this belief that if they were to follow the instruction of the hypnotist and produce behaviors that are experienced as involuntary, they're going to be rewarded somehow.
One consequence of this is subjects attribute hypnotic reactions to external causes, to the hypnotists.
They experience hypnotic reactions as involuntary. That is the confusion between internal and external that I mentioned earlier, and it is also experienced massively by victims of narcissistic abuse embedded in shared fantasies.
You're beginning to see the close proximity and close correspondence between hypnosis and the shared fantasy. One could even venture to say that the shared fantasy and the narcissistic is nothing but a hypnotic state. One would even venture to say that the synastasy, shared fantasy, is nothing but a hypnotic state.
According to Kirsch and Lynn's theory, hypnotic reactions are triggered by the same mechanisms as voluntary reactions. And the difference lies in the way that the behaviors are experienced subjectively.
But how does a hypnotist bring a participant into a state of hypnosis?
Normally there are four parts, and they are described in a study in 1994 published by the National Research Council.
But I would like to focus on one or two elements of this because this lecture is not about hypnosis per se, but about the connection between hypnosis and the narcissistic shared fantasy.
So I would like to focus on what is known as the cold control theory of hypnosis.
According to this theory, there is a distinction between control and consciousness.
The theory was first promulgated by Rosenthal's. He created a theory known as higher order thinking theory or hot theory.
According to Rosenthal, we are aware of mental states because we think about them. We are aware of mental states by having thoughts about those mental states.
In other words, we are not directly aware of mental states, but we're aware of thinking about these mental states. A thought about being in a mental state is what is known as a second order thought, because it is a mental state about a mental state.
For example, I see that the cat is being black.
There are also third order thoughts.
So we have first order thoughts, we have second order thoughts, and we have third order thoughts, thoughts. And third order thoughts is when we become aware of having a second order thought.
So for example, I'm aware that the cat that I'm seeing is black.
One, two, three.
So the cold control theory of hypnosis states, and now I'm quoting, that a successful response to hypnotic suggestions can be achieved by forming an intention to perform the required cognitive action or activity without training Hots on the intent of that action that would normally accompany the thoughtful execution of the action.
In other words, there's a suspension of the control in hypnosis.
Hilgard's neo-dissociation theory of hypnosis is a classical state theory. He suggests that hypnotic phenomena are generated by dissociation within high-level control systems.
Essentially, hypnotic induction is said to divide the functioning of the executive control system, ECS, into different flows.
Part of the ECS functions normally, but is unable to present itself in consciousness, because of the presence of an amnesic barrier.
Hypnotic suggestions affect the dissociated part of the ECS, of the executive control system, and the subject is aware of the results of the proposals, but is not aware of the process by which they were created.
This is as close as you get to narcissism because narcissists are aware of their actions but they are not aware of the motivations for their actions.
They are aware of what they are doing. They are aware of the consequences of what they are doing, but they are not aware of why they are doing it.
You could say that narcissists are in a constant hypnotic state. You could say that the executive control system of the narcissists is dissociated, is broken. There is a part that is never accessible to consciousness.
The socio-cognitive theory of hypnosis, I'm continuing to quote, holds that the experience of lack of ease in hypnosis results from participants' motivated tendencies to interpret hypnotic suggestions in such a way that they do not require planning and active effort.
In other words, the experience of ease stems from an error of attribution.
The attribution of the will depends on the type of response set that has been put in place.
And if there is a hypnotic set of responses, the will is assigned externally.
Simply put, hypnosis occurs effortlessly when individuals expect things to be effortless, and then they decide, more or less consciously, to respond with suggestions.
This is an overview of hypnosis, and I demonstrated to you the interfaces between hypnosis, narcissism, and the narcissistic shared fantasy.
If I'm right and the narcissistic is in a constant hypnotic state, then obviously any extension of the narcissists, any cognitive and emotional extension, for example, the shared fantasy would also constitute an hypnotic space.
And anyone who enters this hypnotic space would be hypnotized.
I think hypnosis could become the explanatory and organizing principle when we try to understand the interactions between the narcissists and his victims and his intimate partners, one and the same.
Now, as I promise, the dictionary part.
I'm going to use the American Psychological Association definitions.
Listen well.
Hypnosis, the procedure or the state induced by that procedure in which suggestion is used to evoke changes in sensation, perception, cognition, emotion or control of immortal behavior. Subjects appear to be receptive to varying degrees to suggestions to act, feel and behave differently than in ordinary waking state.
The exact nature of hypnotic suggestibility, and possible therapeutic users are still being studied and debated.
As a specifically psychotherapeutic intervention, hypnosis is referred to as hypnotherapy.
Okay, waking hypnosis, any technique in which hypnotic effects are achieved without reference to sleep or to a trance. It is induced through an apparently natural but carefully considered choice of simple words, gestures and directives upon which to focus.
A great definition of entraining, by the way.
Hypnotic susceptibility.
The degree to which an individual is able to enter into hypnosis.
Although many individuals can enter at least a light trance, people vary greatly in their ability to achieve a moderate or deep trance. This is also called hypnotizability.
And I remind you that people who have experienced childhood abuse and trauma are more suggestible and more hypnotizable for reasons that I've enumerated in my lecture earlier.
Now we measure susceptibility using the Stanford hypnotic susceptibility scale. It's a standardized 12-item scale used to measure hypnotic susceptibility by means of the participants' responses to various suggested actions, such as fall forward. The subject is asked to perform certain actions, like fall forward, close the eyes, lower an outstretched arm and so.
It was developed at Stanford University by Ernest Hilgard, the aforementioned.
Post-hypnotic suggestion. A suggestion made to a person during hypnosis that they act out after the hypnotic trance. The suggested act may be carried out in response to a prearranged cue, and the person may not know why they're performing the action.
Hetero-hypnosis is a state of hypnosis induced in one person by another person, and it is distinct from self-hypnosis, which is the process of putting oneself into a trance or trans-like state, typically through auto-suggestion. This is called auto-hypnosis, as I mentioned.
Auto-hypnosis is sometimes perceived as an altered state of consciousness, a state of psychological functioning that is significantly different from that which is experienced in ordinary states of consciousness.
Reports of the experience of altered states of consciousness are highly subjective, but the phenomenon is susceptible to some degree of empirical study.
It tends to be characterized by altered levels of self-awareness, affect, reality testing, orientation to time and space, wakefulness, responsiveness to external stimuli, or memorability, or by a sense of ecstasy, boundlessness, or unity with the universe.
Altered states may result from changes in neurobiological functioning due to oxygen depletion or a use of a psychoactive drug.
From hypnosis, meditation and sensory deprivation, we also obtain altered states of consciousness. Mystical or religious experiences lead to the same.
Although classical psychoanalysis has tended to regard altered states of consciousness as symptoms of regressive states, other schools of thought, such as Jungian, humanistic and transpersonal psychology, regard all the states of consciousness as higher states of consciousness, and often as indicative of a more profound level of personal and spiritual evolution.
Now, of course, one can engage in auto-hypnosis, as I said, and in auto-hypnosis, there's auto-suggestion, the process of making positive suggestions to oneself for such purposes as improving morale, inducing relaxation or promoting recovery from illness.
Such suggestion is sometimes used in autogenic training and self-affirmation.
So this is the dictionary, and last comment I would like to make is about hypnotherapy.
And I would like to read to you a segment from a book about hypnotherapy.
Hypnosis may be used in psychotherapy as an adjunct with all types of patients and problems.
It is particularly indicated when one wishes rapidly to establish rapport with a patient, as in short-term psychotherapy, and to reinforce authoritative suggestions for symptom relief or removal.
Hypnosis permits the re-experiencing or in-fantasy of real-life experiences that have consistently provoked avoidance reactions. For example, trauma.
Gradually, patients become immunized to the traumatic events in their everyday lives.
They learn to dampen fantasies of anticipated catastrophic happenings. They learn to control catastrophizing.
Patients are enabled to talk more freely about these experiences and to strip them of their terrorizing connotations.
The therapist may encourage the patient to reenact scenes that stimulate painful emotions.
In those patients who cannot remember dreams, hypnosis often helps to break through the resistance, and they begin to talk about even the most repressed elements.
As the patient successfully coaxed with his fantasies of aggression, assertiveness and sexuality, the patient is less burdened with the need to suppress and repress. Energy is released for more constructive activities.
A rich background in psychotherapies is an essential prerequisite for hypnotherapy. Preferably, the therapist should have been schooled in a variety of approaches, including psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy and behavioral modification.
So anyone, any coach online, any self-styled expert who uses hypnotherapy without being a licensed therapist is committing actually a crime. That's a crime.
Psychotherapy is essentially a learning process in which maladaptive patterns are gradually replaced by those that promote an effective and realistic adjustment.
Sometimes the mere induction of a trance will bring out the fundamental problems and defenses of the patient. The patient's reactions to the hypnotic situation, the induction process, the suggestions made, the patient's reactions to the therapist or the hypnotist are more important than beneficial responses to therapeutic suggestions.
Hypnosis is a fluctuating state, the utterance of which vary rapidly, which shifts in the individual's physiological and psychological status.
The situation under which hypnosis is induced and the motivations of the patient fashioned the data under investigation.
On the other hand, it may be possible through the use of hypnosis to study such processes as dreams, defense mechanisms, emotions and psychopathological phenomena.
And I refer you to studies by Warburg, especially in 1948.
Thank you for listening. And now snap out of it.
One, two, three. I've implanted a hypnotic suggestion in your mind, post-hypnosis.
You're going to do very bizarre things having watched this video. Don't be alarmed or surprise.
I'm in full control.